This paper seeks to provide an in-depth ecocritical analysis of Ernest Hemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea, utilizing deep ecology as the central theoretical framework. By delving into Santiago’s arduous journey and his interactions with the natural world, this study reveals the ecocritical elements embedded within the novel’s narrative. Through Santiago’s evolving relationship with the marlin, the paper contends that his victory should not be seen as a triumph of humanity over nature, but as a shared achievement between man and the natural world. Santiago’s initial perception of the marlin as a formidable adversary gradually shifts as he develops a sense of camaraderie, kinship, and mutual respect, eventually seeing the marlin as an extension of himself. This shift not only reflects a deep ecological perspective but also underscores the interconnectedness of all living beings. Furthermore, the novel’s portrayal of nature as both adversary and companion highlights the complex, reciprocal relationship between humans and the environment. Ultimately, this paper aims to highlight how Hemingway’s novel conveys a message of harmony, respect, and balance between humans and the natural world, encouraging a more sustainable and holistic approach to life.